How we think about reality impacts reality itself.
Its one thing to accept that in the physical realm, there is no true passive observation. Eighty years ago, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics taught us that there is always some level of inherent uncertainty in physical measurements - specifically position and momentum – and by simply observing, you impact the results of what you are observing.
This idea of uncertainty knocked us off our Enlightenment era laurels, a place where we confidently felt we could measure, understand and control everything where real truth was waiting to be discovered like an acorn under a leaf. It’s debatable as to whether or not hard sciences ever fully recovered from the blow dealt to it by the certainty of uncertainty, but the impact in the soft sciences, where real people are involved has been more profound.
In the post modern era, we’ve swung far to the other side of the spectrum in relativism, where we put our faith in narratives – or filtered, interpreted versions of some reality through perspectives.
But we’ve never really come to grips with how our flawed thinking and imperfect knowledge impacts the world around us.
This subtlety seems to be at the root of the question, “What’s wrong with America”.
Sure the world has changed. Strains and cracks in the American Dream are everywhere. The problems are well-known and at this point, over-documented. A debt-based, over-consuming economy just isn’t sustainable in the world of diminishing fresh water, arable land, minerals and energy resources. Unless you’re a cornucopian, short on facts and long on wishful thinking, you see this. And yes, we spend more than we make and we’ve lost a lot of respect in the world because of our foreign policy. In some respects, we’ve certainly fell into the mistakes of so many empires past with military overstretch, debt and the allure of Mesopotamia.
Some events and cycles are inevitable or at least predictable like water running downhill.
But how we think is up to us, although that presents us with a huge challenge.
And how we think is at the core of George Soros’ book “The Age of Fallibility”, which has some extremely pointed insights into how we think. After fleeing Nazism in Hungary, Soros went on to make a fortune in the financial markets (he’s known as the guy who broke the Bank of England) and then has since used that money to promote open societies.
Soros writes a great deal about the differences between open and closed societies and dogmatic and critical thinking and how these relate to the American worldview. He’s spent much of his life defining open societies and the meaning is less political and more about how we know what we know: An open society is a reasonably stable society that holds itself open to innovation and improvement.
The perspective is worth a read, whether or not you agree with his politics and faith in civil society initiatives. He makes some very poignant points that summarize our predicament.
“If fear, uncertainty, and the deficiency of purpose that characterizes an open society become unbearable burdens, then a charismatic leader offering a dogmatic mode of thinking may appear as the salvation.”
The application of this in the post 9/11 world is very tangible when Bush cut through an infinitely complex world and offered us a simple choice: “You’re either with us or against us.”
There is of course reference to the well-known, and in some circles overdone, comparison to Weimar Germany where the pursuit of self-interest in self-indulgence to the detriment of morality and traditional values caused revulsion in both societies. In Germany, the humiliation of WW1 and hyperinflation were factors that caused National Socialism. In the United States, it formed around religious fundamentalism which consumed the Republican Party which then gained control of Congress and the Presidency. In the US, market fundamentalist and American supremacy or neoconservative schools of thought merged and forged with religious fundamentalism through, if nothing else, desire for political power and influence.
Without dipping into conspiracy theory realm, there are objectively similarities in how both governments came into being, though our current government is a far cry from totalitarian, in how they used the politics of fear (Reichstag Fire versus 9/11) and how Orwellian propaganda played a part.
But the real question is why are Americans clamoring to be deceived? Part of this willful deception is rooted in our value of success over truth. He doesn't mention the influence of pragmatism, but I do think William James, an influencial American philosopher ingrained pragmatism and the idea that truth was what is most useful, which implies knowledge for the sake of knowledge is entertaining but not really at the heart of what matters.
In any event, our understanding of reality is inherently flawed. Open societies understand this fallibility, but closed societies deny it. Soros puts sums it up by saying that America is an open society that does not understand the concept of open society.
"The truth can be manipulated but the extent to which the outcome will approximate our will depends on the extent to which our understanding approximates reality. We have been pursuing success without much concern for the truth. As a result, we have become a feel-good society, unwilling to confront unpleasant realities. We want our elected leaders to make us feel good instead of telling us the truth. The outcome endangers not only our open society but also our dominant position in the world…the extension of executive powers, infringement of civil liberties at home and violation of human rights abroad and the suspension of the critical process…”
A case in point, is that when politicians discuss Iraq, the conversation is usually centered on how the war is going, not the pretense under which we are there. Few leaders have publically questioned the War on Terror, although a growing number of people understand the relationship between the War on Terror and the overstretch of Executive powers, fearing this would be perceived as unpatriotic, although is it reasonable is it to declare an indefinite war on an abstraction with no timelines, no boundaries and no measurable objectives?
“Yes, the terrorist attack was real and it required a strong (military) response, but the response chosen by the Bush administration carried the nation into a fantasy land created by a misrepresentation of reality…in reality terrorists are best dealt with by methods other than waging war.”
He charts out how we morphed into a feel-good society – a far cry from the Truman years – around the time Reagan was in office, attributing the transformation mainly to the rise of consumerism and the application of consumerism to politics.”
"Since 1980, the unwillingness to face reality has been exacerbated by globalization. A global economy based on the principles of market fundamentalism is full of uncertainties from which many people are eager to escape…Fundamentalist religion seems to avoid the soul-searching that has characterized Christian religions since the time of Jesus and appears to do everything to reward the faithful by making them feel good."
The challenge with critical thinking and open societies is that it puts the burden of deciding what is right or wrong, true or untrue on the individual. Since understanding is always going to be flawed and uncertainty is painful, the mind will go to great lengths to escape it.
Dogmatic thinking, where there is no need to consider alternatives because the interpretation of truth lies in some other source than the individual, is tempting and we’ve certainly taken some refuge there. The critical mode of thinking in a complex, interconnected world on the brink of so many flashpoints is very hard work but a requirement for an open society.